Compressor



June 25, 1929. o. A. LABUS 1,718,296

COMPRESSOR Filed Oct. 23, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 I amuonfoz wum aooeo (Zlb o. A. LABUS June 25, 1929.

COMPRESSOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 25, 1926 6 L 2 my June 25, 1929. L us 1,718,296

COMPRESSOR Filed 001;. 25, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet I:

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COMPRESSOR Filed Oct. 23, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ICQWWZ,

Qttouyu Patented Jime 25, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE."

OTTO A. LABUS, OF WISCONSIN RAPIDS, WISCONSIN.

COMPRESSOR.

Application filedbctober 23, 1926. Serial No. 143,686.

This invention relates to a compressor for gaseous fluids, and has been devised with particular reference to its use in connection with a refrigerating system. As herein described and illustrated, the invention is asso ciated with a compressor of the type commonly referred to as a vertical, double acting, reciprocating compressor.

A general object of the invention is the production of a compressor, which is simple and durable in its construction, and, eltlcient in its operation. Itembodies a cylindenof improved construction, and in connection therewith an improved arrangement of inlet and outlet ports, and the valves controlling the same.

The invention consists further in certain details of construction and combinations of elements, the advantages of which will be more fully explained in the detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, and which will be particularly defined in the claims.

In connection with the present invention, I

i have used an improved piston packing, which constitutes the subject matter of a divisional application filed of even date herewith.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of the compressor.

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse-section on an enlarged scale, and taken on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section taken onthe line 33 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a view similar to the upper part of Figure 3, but on a larger scale.

Figure 5 is a sectional view through the cylinder casting, taken on the sa neplane as Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a sectional view cylinder casting, taken onthe same Figure 3.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the core which forms the inlet to the cylinder.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the core which forms the outlet to the cylinder.

In the drawings, the improvements are illustrated in connection with a compressor having three cylinders, but. it will be understood that it may beadaptedfor -one cylin der, or for any number of cylinders desired.

Each cylinder 10 comprises a through the plane as wardly and terminating in a flange 12, the bottom of which is machined to seaton a casting, formed with a yoke 11 extending downbase 13, constituting a part of the crank case in which the crank shaft 14 is mounted. The cylinder 10 is formed with a bore 15, in which a piston 16is mounted for reciprocation. The piston 16 is shown as being rigidly connected to a rod 17, the lower end of which is connected by a pitman 18 to the crank shaft 14..

' The lower cylinder head 19 isformed-with a flange 20, which is machined to seat tightly on thelower end of the cylinder. The head 19 also forms a stufling box through which the piston rod 17 reciprocates. The upper cylinder head 21 istormed with a peripheral flange 22, which is bolted to the upper end of the cylinder 10. j

The cylinder, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, is formed at one side, conveniently midway of its ends, with an inlet port 23, which may be; connected to one side of a refrigerating'system. This inlet port connects with.

oppositely inclined passageways 24, which extend toward the ends of the cylinder, and gradually merge into flattened portions 25, extending laterally and connecting. with an annular channel 26. The shape of the inlet port. and passageways may be best understood from Figure 7, which shows the'core for forming the same, and in" which the parts designated 23 24?, 25 and. 26 'corre-- spond to'the par-ts designated 23 to 26 in elusive, in Figure 5. i p

The outlet; port 27 is adapted to be connected to the other Side of the refrigerating system, and is preferably, though not necessarily located on the opposite side of the cylinder from the inlet port 23. Branches 28 The shape of the outlet 27 and the passage ways 28, 29 and 30 will be understood from Figure 8, which illustrates the core for forming the same, and in which the corresponding parts are designated 27 28 29 and 30 The cylinder is formed at eachend, be-

tween the channels 26 and 30, with anannular. seat 31, (see Fig. 4-), the diameter of which is less than thatof'the channel'30, but greater than that of the channel 26. A

fiat ring 32 fits inthe seat31, and is providedv with a number of ports 33 communicating with the channel 26, and these ports are.

adapted to be closed by an annular valve ring 34. A ring rests against the ring 32, and is chamfered, as shown at 37, to allow sufficient space for the valve 34 to open. The valve 34 is shown as being channel shaped in cross section to receive expansible coil springs 38, which are seated in the ring 35, and tend to hold the valve ring 34 in closed position.

The ring 35 is provided with a number of outlet ports 36, which extend toward the channel 30, and are adapted to be closed by a valve ring39. The ring 35 is held by a ring which is chamfered, as at 41, to

allow space forthe valve ring 39 to' open.

The valve ring 39 is also preferably channelshaped to receive expansile coil springs 42, which are seated in the ring 40, and tend to hold the valve ring in closed position.

Each of the cylinder heads 19 and 21 is reduced at its inner end, as shown at 43, to

provide space for receiving the rings 40 and 35. In order to seal the joint between each cylinder head and the bore of the cylinder, a gasket 44 is provided with a tightening gland 45, adapted to be forced inwardly by a series of adjusting screws 46 inserted through the flanges 20 and 22, respectively. It will be noted that these packing rings or gaskets 44, and the means for adjusting them are independent of the alinement or adjustment of the stufiing box.

' Referring to Fig. 4, the combined cylinder head and stuflingbox 19 is shown as being provided at its upper end with a bushing 4'7, in which the piston rod 17 is guided. The stufling box packing is composed of a series of metal rings and separators. Starting with the upper endof the stuffing box, i1nmediately adjacent the head of the bushing 47, there is a metal ring 48 which is provided internally with an annular channel 49, in which there is inserted a babbitt or bronze floating ring 50. "The ring 48 is fitted snugly to the inside bore of the stuffing box housing 19, but is ittcdloosely with a clearance around the piston rod 17 whereas the floating ring 50 has a perfect sliding lit on the piston rod, but is titted loosely with a clearance adjacent the side of the channel 49 in the ring 48. Following thefioating ring 50, there are two rings 51 and 52 composed of suitable material, such as babbitt ribbon mixed with flakes of graphite. or lead shreds mixed with graphite. These rings 51 and 52 have adjacent inclined faces. Surrounding the ring 52, adjacent the ring 48, there is fitted a leathenwasher 53, constituting an equalizing orfexpansion ring. The position of this leather expansion ring 53 is of importance, and it will be noted that the leather does not come in contact with the piston rod. Such contact would be undesirable,'.because at times the piston rod 1'? becomes heated, and would burn or char the leather.- Following This arrangement is followed by another scries of packing rings and a second lantern 55, whose peripheral channel 56 is in communication with ports 58 through the stuffing box housing, so that oil maybe forced in to circulate through the stufiing box. The leather rings 53 serve to control the compression, as well as the expansion of the packing, and also allow for lateral expansion of the entire group of packing. lVhile rubber has been sometimes employed for this purpose, leather is particularly advantageous, since the oil which is used to lubricate the piston rod is destructive to rubber.

Below the lowermost separator 54 is a packing gland 59, which is hollowed out to receivefa series-of soft packing rings 60, which are placed between two metal packing ring-s61. The packing rings 60 are adjusted by means of-a packing gland 62 inserted within the end of the gland 59. The gland 59 is also surrounded by a soft packing ring 63,'placed within the end of the stuifing box 19, and adjusted by means of ametal ring 64 and a gland 65 which engages the end of the stufiing box. Thus, it will be seen that l in addition to the packing between the stuffing box and piston rod, the gland which adjusts this packing is. itself provided with packing, both inside and outside.

Oil for lubricating'the compressor cylinder, as well as the piston rod, may be sup-.v plied in a well-known manner through the medium of a small force feed pump 66, mounted at one side of the cylinder,'and operated by means of'a pitnian 67 connected with the lower end of the piston rod (see Fig. 3). The lower part of the crank case 13 is provided with an oil reservoir 68, from which a pipe 69 leads to an oil pump 70, connected to one end of the crank shaft 14. Oil from this pump is supplied through a pipe 71 and ducts 72-to the various bearings of the crank shaft 14. Each branch 72 is provided with an oil pressure gage 73. Inasmuch as the lubricating system constitutes no part of the present invention, a more detailed description thereof is deemed unnecessary. I y

The crank case is preferably provided with cover plates 74 in order to confine the lubricating oil within the crank case, and keep it free from grit, dust or foreign matter. Each cover plate 74 is provided with suitable packing 74*, through which the piston rod passes. i

The stufling box housing 19 is provided with aperipheral channel 75 for the circu- (ill lation of water, which circulates through ducts 76 drilled in the cylinder casting 10. The head 21 is also provided with a cavity 77, which is covered by a plate 78 and supplied with water through pipes 79 and 80.

From the foregoing description, it will be understood that each compressor cylinder is made of one casting, and the ports 23 and 27 and the passages connecting the same with the opposite ends of the cylinder are made by coring. The cross sectional area of these connecting passa eways is no larger than is necessary to permit the passage of the gas into or out of the cylinder, since an excessively large connecting passageway would form a housing or pocket for the gas to remain around the cylinder, and whether such a pocket be in the suction or discharge passageway, it would be undesirable because it would be affected by the temperature of the gas withinthe cylinder. Not only are these connecting passageways cored within the walls of the cylinder, but they are so arranged as to permit the gas to pass through with the least possible resistance. The passageway 24 is flattened as it approaches the branches 25, and the latter taper toward the remote side of the channel 26. The outlet passages are formed in a similar manner.

As the piston moves away from the end of the cylinder, the gas is sucked from the channel 26 through the ports-33, lifting the valve ring 34, and fills the cylinder behind the piston. Upon the return stroke, the

valve 39 closes, andthe'pist-on forces the gas through the ports 36, causing the same to lift the valve 89 and enter the grooveBO, whence it passes through the outlet port 27. The valve ring .34 is larger than and is entirely ontside of the ports 36, so that the movement of the valve does not interfere in any way with the discharge of the gas. The action of the valves and the intake anddischarge of the gas is quickly responsive to the movement of the piston, and the intake and discharge passageways are arranged to afford the least amount of free areaor clearance which is compatible with the operation of the compressor at the greatest possible volum'etric efiiciency. In other words, the inlet and discharge passageways are graduated, and arranged around the cylinder in such'a manner as to uniformly distribute the flow through the valve control ports equally about the entire periphery. Such arrangement will permit an extremely low lift in the valve ring, and the. latter does not require any central guide to hold it directly in posi-,

difference in temperature between the sucsiderable detailthe preferred form of the invention, it is to be understoodthat'this is merely for the purpose of illustration, and

that various modifications may be made therein without any material departure from the salient features of the invention as expressed in the claims.

What is claimed" is: I

1. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and outlet passageways in its side walls, each of said passageways extending from the outer surface, of the cylinder inwardly and towardtheend at an inclination to the bore of the cylinder, and merging into flattenedlateral branches which embrace the end'portionof the cylinder and taper toward the opposite side thereof, circumferential channels communlcating. respectively with said lateral branches, and

valves controlling communication between the respective channels and the interior of.

the cylinder.

2. In a compressor, llllOCOInblIlttlllOllOf a cylinder having inletand outlet ports, each of said ports having two passageways connected therewith and extending at an inward inclination toward opposite ends'ofthe cylinder, each of said passageways merging near the end ofthe cylinder into flattened lateral branches which taper toward the opposite side of the cylinder, circumferential channels at each end of the cylinder communicating respectively with. said lateral branches, and valves controlling communication between the respective channels and the interior of the cylinder. i

3. Ina compressor, the combination of a cylinderhaving inlet and outlet passageways in its side walls, each of said passageways extending from the outer surface of the cylinder inwardly and toward the end at an inclination to the bore of the cylinder and merging into flattened lateral branches which embracethe end portion ofthe cylinder and taper toward the opposite side thereof, a piston reciprocable in said bore, and ring check valves controlling the pas-r,

sage of gas through the inlet and outlet passageways respectively and, each operable alternately by pressure and suctioninduced by the stroke of the piston. v

In a compressor, the combination of .a cylinder having inlet and-outlet passageways merging in its side walls, each of said passageways extending from the outer surface of the cylinder inwardly and toward the end at an inclination to the bore of the cylinder and merging into flattened lateral branches which embrace the end portion of the cylinder and taper toward the oppositeside thereof, circumferential channels communicating respectively with said lateral branches and extending around said here, apiston reciprocable in said bore, a. ring, anda valve C(IOPGl'tltlllg with each of said channels to control the passage'of gas into and out of the cylinders, and springs tending to hold branches. a rigidl 1 held rino coverin each I) H of said channels and having ports therein, a ring check valve associated with each of said rigidly heldrings and adapted to cover the ports in the same, and a piston reciprocable within said bore, said valves being operable alternately by'pressure and suction induced by the stroke of the piston.

6. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and outlet passageways in its side walls, each of said passageways extending from the outer surface of the cylinder inwardly and toward the end at an inclination to the bore of the cylinder and merging into flattened lateral branches which embrace the end portion ofthe cylindcr and taper toward the opposite side thereof, circumferential channels extending around the bore of the cylinder and communicating respectively with said lateral branches, a rigidly held ring covering each of'said channels and having ports therein, a ring check valve associated withcach of said rigidly held rings andadapted to cover the ports inthe same, springs tending to hold said valves closed, the ports in the ring leading to the outlet being inclined toward the center of the borefand opening into the latter inside of the ring check valve which covers the inlet ports in the other ring, so that eachvalve may operate without interrupting the free passage of gas between the cylinder and the other valve, and a piston reciprocable in said bore, said valve being operable alternately by pressure and suction induced by the stroke of tllfiplSllOIl.

7. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a bore with inlet and outlet passageways through its side, a head at each 7 cylinder, and valves operable by suction and pressure induced by the stroke of the piston to control the inlet and outlet passageways. 8. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a bore with inlet and outlet passageways-through its side, a head at each end of the cylinder having a flange bolted'to said end and having a reduced portion extending into the bore of the cylinder, packing glands between said reduced portions and the wall of the cylinder, at piston reciprocable' in the cylinder bore, the inslde of said cylinder hav ng annular channels into which the respective passageways merge, rings covering said channels and having ports therein, and ring valves controlling said ports and operable alternately by suction and pressure induced by the stroke of the piston.

9. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and outlet passageways in itsside walls, each of saidpassageways extending from the outer surface of the cylinder inwardly and toward the end at an inclination to the bore of the cylinder and merging into flattened lateral branches which embrace the end'portion of thecylinder and taper toward the opposite side thereof, the inside of said cylinder having annular channels into which the respective passageways merge, ahead at each end of the cylinder having a flange bolted to said end and having a reduced portion extending intathe bore of the cylinder, packing glands l'i'et-wcen said reduced portions and the wall of the cylinder, and valves controlling communication between said annular channels and the interior of'the cylinder.

10. In a'coinpressor, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and outlet passageways in its side walls, each of said passage ways extending from the outer surface of the cylinder inwardly and toward the ends at an inclinationto the bore of the cylinder and merging into flattened lateral branches which embrace the end portions of the cylinder and taper toward the oppositeside thereof, circumferential channels communicating respectively "with said lateral branches, a head at each end of the'cylinder having a flangebolted to said end and having a reduced portion extending into the bore of the cylinder, Jacking glands between said reduced portions and the wall of the cylinder, ringsrigidly held by said heads and covering the respective circumferential channels, said rings having ports therein, and ring valves cont-rolling the'passage of gas through said ports.

11. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a'bore with inlet and outlet passageways through its side, a head at each end of the cylinder having a flange bolted to said end and having a reduced portion extending into the bore of the cylinder, adjustable packing glands between said reduced portions and the wall of the cylinder, a piston reciprocable in said bore, one of said heads being formed with a stuffing boxthrough which the stem of the piston passes, a series of packing rings and a gland sur rounding the piston within said. stufiing box, and valves controlling said inlet and outlet passageways.

12. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a bore with inlet and outlet passageways through its side, a head at each end of the cylinder having a flange bolted to said end and having a reduced portion extending into the bore of the cylinder, movable, cylindrical, packing glands be tween said reduced portion and the wall of the cylinder, a piston reciprocable in the cylinder bore, the inside of said cylinder having annular channels into which the re-.

spective passageways merge, rings covering said channels and having ports therein, ring valves controlling said ports and operable alternately by suction and pressure induced by the stroke of the piston, one of said heads being formed with a stuiiing box through which the stern of the piston passes, and a series of packing rings and a gland surrounding the piston within said stufiing box.

13. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a removable head at each end, each of said heads having a flange bolted to the end of the cylinder and having a reduced portion extending into the end of the cylinder bore, packing rings and movable packing glands between said reduced portions and the wall of the cylinder, said cylinder having inlet and outlet passageways, and valves controlling thepassage of gas through said passageways; one of said valves being annular and surrounding the reduced end of the head.

.14. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a removable head at each end, eachsof said heads having a flange bolted to the end of the cylinder and having a re duced portion extending intothe bore of the cylinder, slidable packing glands bet-ween said.reduced portions and the wall of the cylinder, a piston reciprocable in the cylinder bore, one of said heads being formed .with a stufling box through which the stem of the piston passes, a series of packing rings and a gland surrounding the piston within the stuffing box, said cylinder having inlet and outlet passageways, valves controlling said passageways and operable alternately by suction and pressure induced by the stroke of the pistonyand springs tending to hold said valves closed.

15. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a'bore, inlet and outlet passageways through its side walls, the inner ends of said passageways being near the end of the cylinder, a piston reciprocable in said bore, andring check valves of different diameters controlling the passage" of gas through the" respective passageways, and each operable alternately by pressure and suction induced by the stroke ofnthe piston. 16. In. a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a bore with inlet and outlet passagewaysthrough its side walls, each of said passageways merging into a circumferential channel extending around said bore, a piston reciprocable in'said bore, and a rigidly held ring and a spring held valve cooperating with each of said channels to controlthe passage of gas into and out of the cylinder, each valve being operable alterthe stroke of the piston.

17. In a compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a bore with inlet and outlet passageways through its side walls, each of said passageways merging into a circumferential channel extending around said bore, a piston reciprocable in said bore, a rigidly held ring. covering each of said channels and having ports therein, a ring check valve associated with each ofsaid rigidly held rings, and springs tending to hold the valves closed, said valves being operable alternately by pressure and suction of the piston.

-18,-In a. compressor, the combination of a cylinder having a borewith inlet and outlet passageways through its side walls, each of said passageways merging into a circumferential channel extendingaround said bore, a rigidly'held ring covering eachof said check valve associated" with each of said inducedby the stroke rigidly held rings, springs tending to hold said valves closed, the ports inthe ring leading to the outletbeing inclined toward the center of the bore and opening into thelatter inside of the ring check valve which covers reciprocable'in said bore and operable toopen and close each valve alternately by pressure and suction.

7 19. In a compressor, a cylinder having in let and outlet a head at each flange boltedto saidfend having a reduced portionextending into the bore of the cylinder, a movable packing gland between passageways through its side,

end of the cylinder having a i 110 channels and havingports therein, a ring valve seats held in place by said glands, and

valves cooperating with said valve seats to control the inlet and outlet passageways and operable alternatelyby pressure and suction induced by the stroke of said piston. Y

"20.'II1 a compressorya cylinder; a cylinder head havlng' a portion pro ecting into the cylinder; the lnnerend ofsald POI'tlOIl having a reduced extension presenting a shoulf.

der; a ported Valve ring fitted on said exten sion and engaging the cylinder Wall; and an annular ring between said Valve ring and said shoulder.

In testimony that I claimthe foregoing as my own, I have hereto afiixed my signature.

OTTO A. .LABUS. 

